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Droughts mean costlier coffee, and tariffs likely will too

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ROCHESTER, N.Y. (AP) — With her purple-and-pink hair swaying, Reneé Colón stands on a stepladder in the rented corner of a warehouse, pouring Brazilian coffee beans into her groaning old roasting machine.

The beans are precious because they survived severe drought in a year when environmental conditions depressed coffee production globally, doubling the price of raw beans in just months.

“Unfortunately, coffee is going to become more scarce,” said Colón, founder and roaster at Fuego Coffee Roasters. “Seeing that dramatic loss of the Brazilian crop is a perfect example.”

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, operates her roasting machine, Friday, March 21, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, operates her roasting machine, Friday, March 21, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, operates her roasting machine, Friday, March 21, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

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Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, works at her roasting facility Friday, March 21, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, works at her roasting facility Friday, March 21, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, works at her roasting facility Friday, March 21, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

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Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, works at her roasting facility Friday, March 21, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, works at her roasting facility Friday, March 21, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, works at her roasting facility Friday, March 21, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

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EDITOR’S NOTE: This story is a collaboration between Rochester Institute of Technology and The Associated Press.

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Losses from heat and drought have cut production forecasts in Brazil and Vietnam, the world’s largest coffee growers. Global production is still expected to increase, but not as much as commodity market investors had expected. That’s sent coffee prices up, largely because of continued high demand in Europe, the U.S., and China.

Solar panels operate at Fox Run Vineyards and Seneca Lake, Friday, March 21, 2025, in Penn Yan, N.Y. (Natasha Kaiser via AP)

Prices peaked in February but have remained high, forcing roasters like Colón to weigh how much of that cost to absorb and how much to pass on to consumers.

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, stands for a photo, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, stands for a photo, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, stands for a photo, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

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The beans Colón was roasting cost her $5.50 per pound in early March, more than double what they cost in September. And that was for mixed, midrange beans. Specialty coffees — grown in delicate climates to slow growth and add flavor — can cost even more.

President Donald Trump’s current 10% tariffs cover most coffee-producing countries, including Brazil, Ethiopia and Colombia, and are expected to drive up costs for Americans. Amid his chaotic tariff pronouncements — at one point he threatened 46% tariffs on Vietnam imports and 32% on Indonesia imports before pausing them — American coffee roasters are rethinking their supply chains.

“With all these changes in coffee maybe we should open our own damn farm,” Colón muses.

Coffee beans fall into the cooling tray of a roasting machine at Fuego Coffee Roasters' roasting facility, Friday, March 21, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Coffee beans fall into the cooling tray of a roasting machine at Fuego Coffee Roasters’ roasting facility, Friday, March 21, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Coffee beans fall into the cooling tray of a roasting machine at Fuego Coffee Roasters’ roasting facility, Friday, March 21, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

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Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, holds coffee beans while working at her roasting facility, Friday, March 21, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, holds coffee beans while working at her roasting facility, Friday, March 21, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, holds coffee beans while working at her roasting facility, Friday, March 21, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

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Rural New York isn’t an option, of course. The world’s best coffee thrives near the equator, where seasons are long, and in high altitudes, where slow growing allows beans to gather flavor. But Puerto Rico, where Colón and her husband have roots, isn’t a serious option, either — labor costs are too high and she worries about the increasing risk of crop-damaging hurricanes.

She shrugs off buying coffee from Hawaii and California, which she says is either poor quality, overpriced or both.

In February, global coffee green exports were down 14.2% from a year earlier, according to the International Coffee Organization’s market report. The shortage led to the highest price ever for raw coffee in February, breaking the record set in 1977 when severe frost wiped out 70% of Brazil’s coffee plants.

Patrons sit at Fuego Coffee Roasters, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Patrons sit at Fuego Coffee Roasters, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Patrons sit at Fuego Coffee Roasters, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

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A couple of espresso drinks sit on a counter at Fuego Coffee Roasters, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

A couple of espresso drinks sit on a counter at Fuego Coffee Roasters, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

A couple of espresso drinks sit on a counter at Fuego Coffee Roasters, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

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Climate isn’t the only thing driving up prices, said Daria Whalen, a buyer for San Francisco-based Ritual Coffee Roasters. Inflation is driving up the cost of labor, fertilizers, and borrowing, she said.

She described being in Mexico in April seeking to finalize contracts between Trump’s fits and starts on tariffs. It reminded her of being in Colombia a month earlier as Trump threatened and then backed away from tariffs that would have affected coffee prices.

“It was kind of like roller coaster day, because at the end of the day it didn’t exist,” Whalen said.

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, makes a cup of coffee, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, makes a cup of coffee, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, makes a cup of coffee, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

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Some of the recent rise in coffee prices may be from importers buying extra in anticipation of the tariffs. Colón believes prices will go still higher as import taxes begin being paid. And with consumer confidence hitting a 12-year low, Colón could see a decrease in demand for her premium coffee.

“It is tough on our end because it drives the price up, tough on the consumer end because they have to pay more and tough on the farmers’ end because they may be experiencing really significant losses,” Colón said.

Yet she’s committed to expanding.

In December, she and her husband took out a $50,000 loan to buy a custom coffee roaster from Turkey that will triple capacity. They’re trying to increase sales by adding new wholesale clients like coffee shops, and selling directly to homes via a beans-of-the-month-style subscription service.

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, uses a coffee machine, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, uses a coffee machine, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, uses a coffee machine, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

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Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, talks to Claire Terrelli, an employee, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, talks to Claire Terrelli, an employee, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

Renee Colon, co-owner of Fuego Coffee Roasters, talks to Claire Terrelli, an employee, Saturday, March 22, 2025, in Rochester, N.Y. (Max Conway via AP)

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The Colóns have raised the wholesale price on a pound of roasted beans by 25 cents. They’re considering doing the same for pour-overs and espresso drinks at their two retail locations.

At one of those, called Melo, one couple said they don’t look at the coffee’s price on the receipt. For them, it’s a treat.

“We know we could go find coffee cheaper somewhere else,” said Rob Newell, a high school biology teacher, as he held a cooing infant daughter alongside his wife, who is also a teacher. “Maybe it’s just because we’re new parents, but you get, like, cabin fever staying in the house all day.”

Colón is also seeking to cut costs.

The warehouse where she roasts has some extra space, so she’s weighing stacking up more bags of raw beans there to save as much as $500 on monthly storage costs in port cities.

She’s tried to cultivate relationships with farmers to minimize price spikes and control bean quality. She described working with a farmer in Colombia as coffee prices were spiking in February to lock in a one-year contract that avoided the worst of the increase.

And like many small business owners, she’s had to get used to the complexity of tariffs.

Anderson Miller, left, and Claire Terrelli, right, make coffee at Fuego Coffee Roasters in Rochester, N.Y., Saturday, March 22, 2025. (Max Conway via AP)

Anderson Miller, left, and Claire Terrelli, right, make coffee at Fuego Coffee Roasters in Rochester, N.Y., Saturday, March 22, 2025. (Max Conway via AP)

Anderson Miller, left, and Claire Terrelli, right, make coffee at Fuego Coffee Roasters in Rochester, N.Y., Saturday, March 22, 2025. (Max Conway via AP)

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In January, she turned down a pitch from a Montreal coffee importer who suggested the U.S. dollar’s strength in Canada would allow her to save money by importing through their warehouse. She feared that tariffs on Canada could increase prices. Plus, the coffee would have to cross an extra border, risking delays. And the value of the dollar has been up and down.

“I want things to be less complicated instead of more,” she said.

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The Associated Press’ climate and environmental coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. AP is solely responsible for all content. Find AP’s standards for working with philanthropies, a list of supporters and funded coverage areas at AP.org.



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‘Doctor Who’ and Eurovision will unite for a night of music and intergalactic adventure

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LONDON (AP) — “Doctor Who” and Eurovision unite for an evening of music and intergalactic adventure on Saturday — all thanks to Russell T Davies.

Before fans tune in for the annual song contest, they can enjoy Ncuti Gatwa’s Doctor and Varada Sethu’s Belinda Chandra attending the Interstellar Song Contest in an episode of the sci-fi series.

In real life, the Eurovision Song Contest is an annual musical competition and TV event that sees 37 countries compete for a crystal microphone trophy over a four-hour live broadcast. In the interstellar version, aliens from 40 different worlds vie to win, also by singing.

Davies says it took three years to pull it off the doubleheader because they had to work with the BBC to set the schedule and storylines in stone to ensure a perfect alignment.

Britain’s Sam Ryder took a “Space Man” to Eurovision before, in 2022. Now, Gatwa will read out the U.K.’s jury scores during the song contest’s grand final, held this year in Basel, Switzerland.

Talking to The Associated Press, Davies says that both Eurovision and “Doctor Who” share the DNA of old-fashioned Saturday night television, making the combination “irresistible.”

This conversation has been edited for clarity and brevity.

Eurovision flags wave in front of the 500-year-old Basel Town Hall in the city center ahead of the first semi-final of the 69th Eurovision Song Contest, in Basel, Switzerland, Tuesday, May 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Martin Meissner)

Eurovision flags wave in front of the 500-year-old Basel Town Hall in Basel, Switzerland, Tuesday, May 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Martin Meissner)

Eurovision flags wave in front of the 500-year-old Basel Town Hall in Basel, Switzerland, Tuesday, May 13, 2025. (AP Photo/Martin Meissner)

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This image released by Disney shows Rylan Clark, left, and Julie Dray from "Doctor Who" Season 2. (BBC Studios/Disney/Bad Wolf via AP)

This image released by Disney shows Rylan Clark, left, and Julie Dray from “Doctor Who” Season 2. (BBC Studios/Disney/Bad Wolf via AP)

This image released by Disney shows Rylan Clark, left, and Julie Dray from “Doctor Who” Season 2. (BBC Studios/Disney/Bad Wolf via AP)

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AP: Do you feel that Eurovision and “Doctor Who” naturally share a kind of fandom?

DAVIES: I almost think every episode of “Doctor Who” is a great big celebration, sort of noise and color and spectacle, and that sums up Eurovision as well. In pitching this to Disney+ as well it’s like, “Look we’re going out in 60 of your territories” and Eurovision itself has a viewing figure that some years is bigger than the Super Bowl. There’s not many shows that can say that on planet Earth.

AP: How much fun did you have with the lore of Eurovision?

DAVIES: It’s enormous fun. It could be said if you’ve never seen a single Eurovision Song Contest in your life, you can still come along and watch this. It’s the kind of thing we’d have made up for a “Doctor Who” story anyway.

One day I’ll do that “ABBA Voyage” story where the holograms come to life and start killing people. That’s the best idea ever. We’ve got to do that one then. Can you imagine? That would be just amazing. I think there might be some copyright problems with that but we’d overcome them.

The actual pitch for the story to Juno (Dawson), who wrote it, was Eurovision meets “Die Hard.” So as you will see, the moment it starts, there’s trouble, someone’s out to sabotage it. There are villains behind the scenes trying to disrupt the program. All chaos is let loose and the rest of the episode is spent saving people’s lives after that.

AP: How about the songs?

DAVIES: I think there’s four songs in total (by Murray Gold). Obviously we don’t get to all 40 planets with their songs, but it was a very big production. We had to hive this off into its own production unit. There are scenes in the television gallery, where 40 different monitors have output of 40 different screens. And that’s all been fed in live. That’s not done with green screen afterwards, that’s all stuff they’d already shot. Crowds, acts, rehearsals, backstage, presenters, all of that stuff, playing onto that set, so it’s terribly complicated.

“Doctor Who” showrunner Russell T. Davies explains why an intergalactic spin on the Eurovision Song Contest was an irresistible storyline for Season 2’s May 17 episode. (May 13)

AP: Is this the most expensive episode of “Doctor Who”?

DAVIES: Frankly, they’re all expensive. It was a lot, yes. It had to be planned very far in advance, more than any. Once you plan something carefully, then it costs less just because you’re not busking. We allocate each story more or less the same amount of money. So I think it ends up costing as much as the others, but it just looks so good because they had so much time to plan it.

AP: Am I allowed to ask how much an episode normally costs?

DAVIES: We never say that. I don’t know why, but we just don’t ever do it. I don’t think they’d tell me. I’d faint.

This image released by Disney shows Christina Rotondo from "Doctor Who" Season 2. (BBC Studios/Disney/Bad Wolf via AP)

This image released by Disney shows Christina Rotondo from “Doctor Who” Season 2. (BBC Studios/Disney/Bad Wolf via AP)

This image released by Disney shows Christina Rotondo from “Doctor Who” Season 2. (BBC Studios/Disney/Bad Wolf via AP)

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AP: Are you planning to watch Eurovision this year?

DAVIES: Yes, I will be. This will be a great night. I always sit and watch “Doctor Who” — I’m old-fashioned — on its old-fashioned BBC One transmission at 7 o’clock at night.

I know people who have Eurovision parties, which I’ve never gone to actually. Look at my life, it’s devoted to television. I can’t bear other people talking over it. That would just be a nightmare. So I will be sitting in. I’ll get some nice dinner. I’ll be a very happy man.

AP: Have you got any favorites for this year?

DAVIES: I would like to go on a date with the man from Cyprus (Theo Evan). He’s beautiful. I do like the U.K. entry this year (“What the Hell Just Happened?” by Remember Monday). I have a theory it’s being underestimated in Great Britain. Just because we’re so used to losing. We’ve won five times, everyone. But this country gets a bit cynical about Eurovision sometimes. But I love our song. I think it’s got a very memorable chorus.



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US egg prices fall for the first time in months but remain near record highs

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U.S. retail egg prices fell in April from the record-high prices they hit earlier this year, according to government data released Tuesday.

The average price for a dozen Grade A eggs declined to $5.12 last month after reaching a record $6.23 in March, according to the Consumer Price Index. It was the first month-to-month drop in egg prices since October 2024.

Overall, the average price of eggs of all sizes fell 12.7%, the steepest monthly decline since March 1984.

While wholesale egg prices have been coming down for a while, it was unclear how much store prices would decrease in April because consumer demand is usually high around Easter and Passover.

Still, retail egg prices remain near historic highs as a persistent outbreak of bird flu wipes out flocks of egg-laying hens. The April average price for a dozen large eggs was 79% higher than the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported for the same month a year ago, when the price averaged $2.86 per dozen.

Bird flu has killed more than 169 million birds since early 2022. Any time a bird gets sick, the entire flock is killed to help keep bird flu from spreading. Once a flock is slaughtered, it can take as long as a year to clean a farm and raise new birds to egg-laying age.

That can have an effect on the egg supply because massive egg farms may have millions of birds. Outbreaks on two farms in Ohio and South Dakota last month affected more than 927,000 egg-laying hens.

Lowering egg prices has been a particular focus of President Donald Trump. In February, the U.S. Department of Agriculture said it would invest $1 billion to help farmers improve their biosecurity measures to fight bird flu.

The U.S. has also increased imports of eggs from South Korea, Turkey, Brazil and other countries. According to Wells Fargo Agri-Food Institute Sector Manager Kevin Bergquist, the volume of egg and egg product imports increased 77.5% during the first three months of the year compared to the same period a year ago.

The antitrust division of the U.S. Department of Justice is also investigating Cal-Maine Foods, the largest U.S. egg producer, which supplies around 20% of America’s eggs. Cal-Maine confirmed the investigation in early April..

Ridgeland, Mississippi-based Cal-Maine said its net income more than tripled to $508.5 million in its most recent quarter, which ended March 1.



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Allergic gardeners can choose plants that produce less floating pollen

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For many, the return of the spring garden brings with it a sneezy, itchy, foggy-headed feeling that hits the moment a warm breeze stirs up invisible trouble. I’m fortunate not to suffer much, but my blue car turned a chartreuse shade of yellow last week, and a $32 car wash provided results that lasted only two hours. Sigh.

These seasonal allergies often go by the old-fashioned name hay fever, but it’s not the hay that causes misery for so many, it’s the pollen.

And not just any pollen, but the nearly weightless kind that floats up our noses and engages our immune systems. Trees, weeds, grasses and even some of our favorite flowers are culprits.

But pollen isn’t all bad. It’s essential to the reproduction of plants, the survival of insects and the entire food web. We humans could not survive without it, so we absolutely shouldn’t avoid high-pollen plants as a general rule. However, if you’re an allergy sufferer who has had to forgo planting a garden due to health reasons, plants that release the least pollen may enable you to smell the flowers.

Plants that might bring sneezes

Allergy-inducing plants are those that rely on wind rather than bees or butterflies to spread their pollen. Ragweed, which strikes in late summer and early fall, gets the most notoriety, but its springtime counterparts can be at least as irritating.

Trees most likely to cause symptoms include birch (Betula), catawba (Catalba), cypress (Cupressus), elm (Ulmus), hickory/pecan (Carya), oak (Quercus), sycamore (Platanus) and walnut (Juglans), according to the Ogren Plant Allergy Scale (OPALS), created by horticulturist Thomas Ogren and published in his 2020 book, “The Allergy-Fighting Garden.”

This article is part of AP’s Be Well coverage, focusing on wellness, fitness, diet and mental health. Read more Be Well.

Palm trees, too — but only the males. In fact, female trees don’t produce pollen at all, so seek them out when possible.

Grasses can irritate eyes and sinuses, too. The scale ranks Bermuda (except sterile male varieties), Johnson, Kentucky, orchard, sweet vernal and timothy grasses among the highest for allergens.

Weeds like ragweed, curly dock, lamb’s quarters, pigweed, plantain, sheep sorrel and sagebrush are also big pollen producers, Ogren found.

Not all plants are irritating to allergy sufferers

On the other hand, plants with “double” flowers or heavier pollen that doesn’t travel far are less likely to release much pollen.

Among trees, apricot (Prunus armeniaca), fig (Ficus), fir (Abies), fruiting pear (Pyrus), fruiting plum (Prunus domestica, Prunus insititia), redbud (Cerus), serviceberry (Amelanchier laevis), female ash (Fraxinus), female box elder (Acer negundo), female cottonwood/poplar (Populus), female maple (Acer), female palm (Arecaceae) and female willow (Salix) are easier on the respiratory system.

St. Augustine and sterile male Bermuda are safer bets in the grass department.

As for flowers, you’ve got options: Begonia, female clematis, columbine, crocus, daffodil, delphinium, hibiscus, impatiens, iris, bird of paradise, pansy, petunia, phlox, poppy, snapdragon, tulip, verbena and zinnia are friends. Roses, too — especially tightly packed, dense-petaled varieties, which exude even less pollen than those with single or semi-double flowers (rose allergies are more often fragrance-related than due to pollen, according to Ogren).

And if you suffer from seasonal allergies, keeping windows closed and getting someone else to mow the lawn will also help to nip your symptoms in the bud.

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Jessica Damiano writes weekly gardening columns for the AP and publishes the award-winning Weekly Dirt Newsletter. You can sign up here for weekly gardening tips and advice.

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For more AP gardening stories, go to https://apnews.com/hub/gardening.



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